果壳,靠谱科普 就看果壳

想到很多人工作时坐下就起不来,我们发布了科学久坐指南。没想到在评论中发现,不少人根本就没有坐起来,更想要久“卧”指南……

再加上五一假期马上要来了,如何科学躺五天?

躺着玩儿手机久了,可能腰酸、肩痛、脖子僵,眼睛也难受。如果实在不想起来活动,至少可以让卧姿更科学。

像不像你在躺着玩儿手机?错误卧姿丨作者供图

趴着待不住,侧躺别扭麻花

什么卧姿最舒服?把全身骨骼肌肉都摆“正”,不让任何地方拉长、缩短或受压,就不容易出现酸痛和损伤。

躺着的时候,如果各部位角度与正确站姿相似,会比较舒服。下面是对健康人久卧姿势的建议,如果肌肉骨骼已经出现问题,要遵守医生的指导。

不要趴着,除非在按摩床上

趴着用手机或电脑,需要用手肘撑起上半身。这时,肩关节角度与肩胛骨位置偏离自然状态,很快会出现肩及上背部不舒服。

对于脊柱,腰椎会因上半身抬起而过度伸展(前凸),颈椎会在用手机及笔记本时分别过度屈曲(低头)及伸展(抬头)。这些都会增大脊柱及其周围组织的压力,造成酸痛[1, 2]。

左图腰椎过度伸展、颈椎屈曲,右图两者均过度伸展丨作者供图

其实,也有办法趴得全身都舒展,就是俯卧在脸部有个洞的按摩床上。只是,这样就没法玩儿手机了。

适合长时间俯卧的按摩床丨 pixabay

侧身躺,不要扭转

有些人因为侧卧时身体偏转太多,躺的时间长了,比坐着还难受[3]。其实把各个部位摆好,不时翻身,侧躺也是不错的卧姿。

首先,调整枕头的高度,保持头和身体在一条直线上,不要向左或右偏曲。

左图头向右偏,中间图正确,右图头向左偏丨作者供图

 下面是肩,由于侧卧时身体压强大,肩部结构又不稳定,单侧肩长期被压可能受损。不时调换方向,也许可以减轻肩痛[4, 5]。

再往下是脊柱的位置,床垫硬度对其影响很大,过软或过硬都会迫使脊柱偏曲,增加脊柱及周围软组织局部压力。不仅可能导致背痛,时间久了还会改变脊柱形状[2]。

左图脊柱及骨盆歪,中间及右图加垫子后摆正丨作者供图

最后是臀腿。感觉双腿夹着被子侧卧更舒服?这是因为侧卧常使臀部扭转,上侧大腿因为重力不再平行地面,而是偏向身体中线(内收)[6, 7]。在双腿之间或身体前侧放一个垫子支撑,可以恢复腿的正常角度,所以比较舒服。

从扭转到摆正丨作者供图

仰面躺,左右别偏

与侧卧相似,仰卧也需调整床垫硬度和枕头高度(枕头稍低于侧卧),以保证脊柱的自然曲度[8]。腰不舒服的人可以试着在膝下加个垫子,让膝稍弯曲。

另外,不要长时间向某一侧偏曲,比如歪脖子、扭腰、单手放额头等[9]。

左图正确,右图颈、肩、腰、腿偏转丨作者供图

半卧位也可以,小心低头睡着

相对于直立坐着,半坐半躺时维持头部抬起的肌肉用力少,不容易疲劳[10]。但如果把手机放在腿上,一直低头看屏幕,反而容易头颈痛[11-13]。这个姿势下,要把手机举起来看,才能保证头部与身体在一条直线上。

另外,注意支撑腰部,保持腰椎稍向前凸的曲度。

弯腰并低头的错误姿势丨作者供图

躺着容易不小心睡着,曾有病例因为极度低头时间太长,导致脊髓受损,甚至截瘫[14, 15]。即使没这么严重,通常醒来后也会很不舒服,所以困倦时候仰卧或侧卧躺好再睡。

一名 38 岁男性这个姿势玩儿手机时意外睡着,6 小时后醒来,脊髓受损,肢体麻木无力[15]丨作者供图

小心眼睛酸涩,甚至单侧短暂失明

上面提到的身体姿态,无论坐、站、走都需要关注,卧姿格外要注意的是眼睛[16]。

手机距离近,小心视疲劳

相对于纸质书,人们看手机时会不自觉地拿得更近,尤其是躺着的时候。距离缩短后,需要瞳孔缩小并两眼会聚才能看清,使眼睛更早疲劳[17-19]。

所以,躺着用手机需要特别注意距离,以免看久了离得越来越近[20]。

保证光线充足,双眼看

在昏暗光线下看屏幕,眼睛更容易疲劳[21]。侧躺还可能像下图一样:手机靠近床面,使右眼被枕头遮蔽,实际只用左眼看手机。

看起来双眼都睁着,其实左图里右眼看不到手机,右图才能用到双眼丨作者供图 

不仅长期使用单眼对视力有影响,而且光线昏暗时,左眼看手机适应光亮,右眼被枕头挡住,适应黑暗。这时放下手机,就会发现左眼几乎看不到东西。

虽然视力通常会在几分钟后恢复正常,但目前不清楚多次反复能否造成长期影响[22]。因此,如果非要躺着玩儿手机,要找个光线充足的地方,同时使用双眼看屏幕[23]。

当然,姿势再科学,整天躺着也不好。多起来运动才能让生活更轻松,远离各种不舒服。

参考文献
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作者:代天医
编辑:odette

本文来自果壳,未经授权不得转载.

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